解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Delivery of medication to sites of action through airways has been used for centuries but has gained momentum in recent decades. Currently available modes of aerosol delivery offer advantages but still there are shortcomings. Delivery of active agents to sites of action is affected by many factors beyond the character...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1555612
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review provides an update on literature published over the past 5 years that is relevant to using chest computed tomography (CT) as a tool for preventing occupational respiratory disease. An important area of investigation has been in the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) to screen asbestos-exposed populations for lung c...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1547348
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic pulmonary sepsis is the predominant cause of morbidity for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. Previously it was thought that respiratory infection in these patients was mostly limited to a very small number of typical pathogens; however, in recent years there have been increasing rep...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1546752
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a formidable pathogen in the infection arena. It is able to easily adapt to the environment which it inhabits and can also colonize and invade the human host to cause serious infections. In 2011, it was responsible for 7.1% of all health care-associated infection in the United States. The mor...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1396907
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrasonography of the thorax has become a more recognized tool in pulmonary medicine, thanks to continuing clinical research that has proven its many valuable roles in the day-to-day management of pulmonary and pleural diseases. Ultrasound examination is a cost-effective imaging modality that permits the pulmonologis...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1395794
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing prevalence and recognition of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) coupled with an awareness of its detrimental health consequences has resulted in the need for timely and cost efficient access to diagnostic sleep testing and treatment. As a result, increased emphasis is being placed on simplified ambulatory m...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1390066
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assisted mechanical ventilation (MV) may be a favorable alternative to controlled MV at the early phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), since it requires less sedation, no paralysis and is associated with less hemodynamic deterioration, better distal organ perfusion, and lung protection, thus reducing t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382153
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung-protective ventilator strategies are considered standard practice in the care of patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To minimize ventilator-induced lung injury, attention is directed at avoidance of alveolar overdistention and cyclical opening and closing. The lowest possible plateau pre...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382154
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For treatment of sarcoidosis, one should develop a long-term management plan. Factors to be considered include the organ involvement and severity of symptoms. Different organ manifestations may require different treatments. Intensity of treatment is usually based on severity of disease or potential for organ failure o...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1376401
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of exocrine glands and a variety of extraglandular sites. Lung involvement as defined by symptoms and either pulmonary function testing or radiographic abnormalities occurs in approximately 10 to 20% of patients. Subclinica...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1371529
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computed tomography (CT) is the core imaging modality for the evaluation of thoracic disorders. With the recently developed dual-energy CT (DECT) technique, the clinical utility of CT in the management of pulmonary diseases can be expanded. The most actively investigated principle of dual energy is material decomposit...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1363452
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The median age of presentation with lung cancer is 71, making the elderly the dominant subgroup. Although some elderly patients are frail, others have great physiological reserve. Geriatric assessment can clarify the specific strengths and weaknesses of older patients, improving management. This assessment should, at ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1358560
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the pediatric population is associated with a variety of underlying diseases and causes, significantly morbidity and mortality. In the majority of patients, PAH in children is idiopathic or associated with congenital heart disease (CHD), with pulmonary hypertension (PH) associa...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1356461
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of scientific investigation in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is replete with examples of effective bench-to-bedside transitions, pioneering research methodology, and international collaboration. This article highlights for clinicians a selection of challenges and ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1351120
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews recent developments in the selection, assessment, and management of the potential lung donor, which aim to increase donor organ use. The scarcity of suitable donor organs continues to limit lung transplantation, but the situation is changing. An expanded donor pool, including the now widespread us...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1348464
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain is experienced by the overwhelming majority of patients during their intensive care unit stay, but it remains an underappreciated problem. To effectively treat pain, it must be detected and quantified using a validated assessment tool. It is acknowledged that optimal pain relief may be difficult to achieve given ...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1342973
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. Although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, NTM can cause a wide array of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin disease by M. marinum (particularly...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1333569
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a unique syndrome of airway inflammation that frequently occurs in patients with nasal polyposis, chronic sinusitis, and asthma. These patients tend to have progressive and recalcitrant sinus disease requiring frequent surgical intervention and in many cases systemic c...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1325618
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonneoplastic pulmonary lymphoid disorders consist of a complex spectrum of diseases for pathologists and pulmonologists alike. Advances in our understanding of these disorders in recent years have led to revisions in the classification scheme. This review summarizes the clinicoradiological and pathological features o...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1325156
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current research indicates that the majority of survivors of critical illness develop post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), which includes new or worsening cognitive or psychiatric disorders that persist for months to years after critical illness. These cognitive impairments and psychiatric disorders are profound and l...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1321984
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::When Dr. Joseph Lynch, editor of Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, invited us to organize and edit this topic we-and our contributors-were initially baffled about how we could marry outcomes, ethics, and economics. His perspective as an elder-statesman, who has observed the evolution of critical care...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1322413
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term atypical pneumonia was first used in 1938, and by the 1970s it was widely used to refer to pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila (or other Legionella species), and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. However, in the purest sense all pneumonias other than the classic bacterial pneumonias are aty...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1315636
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third most common cardiovascular pathology after coronary disease and cerebrovascular diseases and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the general population. Full-dose anticoagulation is the st...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1311796
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bleeding from gastroesophageal varices is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Mortality from a variceal bleeding episode has decreased in the last 2 decades from 40% to 15 to 20% due to the implementation of effective treatments and improvement in the general medical care. Initial treatment should include adequate f...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1301734
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection (IFI), caused predominantly by Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, that affects both immunocompromised (IC) and non-IC patients. Although the most serious disease manifestation is meningoencephalitis, cryptococcal pneumonia is underdiagnosed and may disseminat...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1295720
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome represents a continuum of cumulative organ dysfunction from very mildly altered function to total and, rarely, irreversible organ failure and is the major cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). The terms multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS), multiple organ system failure (MO...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287862
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematologic factors, in particular platelets and the coagulation system, play an important role in the pathogenesis of organ failure in the intensive care unit. Failure of these hematologic systems is common in intensive care patients and may range from isolated thrombocytopenia or prolonged global clotting tests to c...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287873
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human Herpesviridae family consists of eight members: cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, -2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus 6, 7, and 8 (HHV-6, -7, -8). Lifelong latency may develop in the host with reactivation during periods of relative imm...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1283285
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment strategies for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are evolving. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) plus corticosteroids (CSs) is the mainstay of therapy for generalized, multisystemic AAV. Historically, the combination of CYC plus CS was used for a minimum of 12 months, but concern a...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1279831
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catheters are the leading source of bloodstream infections in critically ill patients. Because the clinical signs of infection are nonspecific, such infections are overly suspected, which results in unnecessary removal of catheters. A conservative approach might be attempted in mild infections, whereas catheters shoul...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1275526
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) is an infection prevention strategy in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by topical administration of antibiotics to the mouth and stomach to eradicate potentially pathogenic bacteria and yeast that may cause infections. It also includes a short course of intrave...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1275536
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) has lately been recognized as a unique disease based on rapidly gained knowledge from genomic changes to treatment responses. The focus of this article is on current knowledge and challenges with regard to LCINS expanded from recent reviews highlighting five areas: (1) distribution...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1272865
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In heart failure (HF), pleural effusion results from increased interstitial fluid in the lung due to elevated pulmonary capillary pressure. Rarely, pleural effusions may occur in association with isolated right HF. HF-associated effusions are typically bilateral, but if unilateral, they are more commonly seen on the r...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1269828
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elderly are especially prone to the adverse health effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is a common disorder in that population. While the prevalence and morbidity of COPD in the elderly are high, it is often undiagnosed and thus undertreated. The diagnosis of COPD is primarily based on t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1265900
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances have been made in minimally invasive diagnostic procedures in sarcoidosis, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), and positron emission tomography (PET). Several independent groups found almost identical predictive values of t...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262207
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic syndrome of unknown etiology. The treatment of the granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis is thus dependent on nonspecific suppression of the immune response. Although steroid-sparing approaches have moved to front-line therapy for many other immune-mediated inflammatory d...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262218
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations requiring hospitalization are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the importance of COPD exacerbations has led to the knowledge that prevention of exacerbations and early treatment are important goals of COPD therapy. Preventive man...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1254071
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung transplant has become an established therapy in the treatment of end-stage lung disease. Many of the advances in the modern immunosuppression regimen have provided more quality and quantity of life to transplant patients. Immunosuppression agents target various aspects of the immune system to maximize graft toler...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1249112
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive fungal infections, especially candidemia and systemic candidiasis, have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the last few decades. This comes in parallel with the major advances made in intensive care. Patients who are critically ill, in medical or surgical ICUs are especially at risk for CANDID...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1246289
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary rehabilitation is a standard of care for patients with chronic lung disease. Through appropriate patient selection and assessment, exercise training, educational and psychosocial intervention, nutritional counseling, and breathing retraining, many benefits (e.g., reduction in level of dyspnea, improvement in...
journal_title:Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1242632
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00